FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL ATTITUDE, AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR: SELF–CONTROL AS MEDIATING

Purpose — This research aims to analyze the factors influencing financial management behavior in employees of Islamic University "45" Bekasi because financial behavior is a very important issue at this time. Design/methodology/approach — The sampling technique used for this research is purposive sampling with the total population is 305 employees and samples taken were 81 employees. The data used primary data and analyzed data using smart PLS. Findings — The results of the research state that financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior, the financial attitude has a significant effect on financial management behavior, self-control has a significant effect on financial management behavior, financial knowledge has a significant effect on self-control, the financial attitude has a significant effect on self-control, self-control mediated the partial effect of financial knowledge on financial management behavior, and self-control mediated the partial effect of financial attitudes on financial management behavior. Practical Implications — Financial knowledge does affect Indonesian people on how they manage their financial behavior and attitude. Originality/value — This research is related to the behavior of Indonesian people who tend to think short-term and tend to have a consumptive life pattern so that it often happens where someone with enough income but still has financial problems.


INTRODUCTION
Management of financial behavior is a problem that is widely discussed in society, especially in regards to the consumptive behavior of people in Indonesia. Indonesian people tend to think short-term and do impulsive shopping practices. Indonesian people's shopping practices are more likely to fulfill their wants rather than their needs. Many individuals have sufficient income yet still experience financial problems, this is due to financial behavior that is less responsible. Irresponsible financial behavior is usually indicated by the lack of savings, investment, emergency fund planning, and budgeting for the future.
Indonesian people have not saved optimally. According to Perry and Morris (2005), a person's responsibility for managing finances can be judged by their tendency to save money, manage budgets, and control spending.
Financial management behavior is considered as one of the most important concepts in financial disciplines. Financial management behavior as the determination, acquisition, allocation, and utilization of financial resources (Horne and Wachowicz, 2005). Kholilah and Iramani (2013) explained that financial management behavior is the ability to manage the planning, budgeting, checking, managing, controlling, seeking, and storing daily financial funds. Kholilah and Iramani (2013) state that the emergence of financial management behavior is the impact of a person's desire to meet their needs in accordance with the level of income. Besides financial management behavior, there are financial decision making and harmonization of individual motives.
Financial management behavior is influenced by many factors, such as financial knowledge, financial literacy, financial attitudes, and others. Lynne (2008) states that financial attitudes have a significant effect on financial management behavior while education level and financial knowledge does not affect financial management behavior. Prihartono and Asandimitra (2018) stated that financial knowledge, financial attitudes, and social demographics have a significant effect on financial deception behavior, while Herdjiono and Damanik (2016) stated that financial knowledge and parental income does not affect financial management behavior while financial attitudes have a significant effect on financial management.
On the other hand, financial attitude is a factor that needs to be considered in financial management behavior because in general, attitude towards money is defined as the behavior of an individual towards the money they own. Money is a primary need that can influence one's behavior and capable to make people think irrationally. Pankow (2003) states that financial attitudes are states of mind, opinions, and judgments about finance. Attitudes toward money have four dimensions including believing that money is a symbol of strength, money is important in life, money can cause suspicion and distrust of others, and money is a symbol of success.
Another factor that can influence financial management behavior is selfcontrol. Otto et al. (2007) states that in a financial context, self-control is an activity that can function to encourage someone to make savings and can reduce impulsive purchases. Chaplin (2002) defines self-control as the ability to guide one's behavior, related to one's ability to suppress or inhibit impulsive behavior. Camilla et al. (2017) state that self-control has a significant effect on consumer behavior. Herlindawati (2015) states that self-control has a significant positive effect on financial management.
A research conducted by Chandra (2009)  This impacts their returns from their investments, their belief in the stock markets, and also the functioning of financial markets to some extent. Investors with a high level of competence tend to trade more frequently. While some factors affect individuals' perceptions towards external issues, some affect their belief in stated that the competence and confidence of investors have a significant effect on stock trading. This is in line with the research of Graham et al. (2009) which states that when an investor feels competent, the investor will trade shares more frequently and will cause higher transaction frequency. Chen-Chen et al. (2018) state that overconfidence is a characteristic that is often found in humans that reflects a person's tendency to overestimate estimates of his ability, the likelihood of success, and the probability that a person will obtain positive outcomes and accuracy of the knowledge possessed.

Financial Knowledge
According to Kholilah and Iramani (2013)

Financial Attitude
According to Marsh (2006), financial attitudes refer to how a person feels about personal financial problems, as measured by responses to a statement or opinion Pankow (2003) that defines financial attitudes as states of mind, opinions, and judgments about finance. Shohib (2015)

Self Control
According to Naomi and Mayasari (2008), self-control is a response pattern that has just begun to replace something with another, for example, responses related to diverting attention from something desired, changing emotions holding back certain impulses and improving performance. self-control is the ability of individuals to refrain or direct themselves in a better direction when faced with temptations (Hofmann et al., 2012). Ghufron and Rini (2011)

Financial Management Behavior
According to Horne and Wachowicz (2005), financial management behavior is the determination, acquisition, allocation, and utilization of financial resources. Mien and Thao (2015) state that financial management behavior is related to the effectiveness of fund management. Based on the above opinion it can be concluded that financial management behavior is a person's responsibility in regulating by taking into account management functions that function as the a. Consumption b. Cash flow management c. Saving and investment d. Credit management

Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis
From the research framework, it can be seen that there is an effect between independent variables and the dependent variable, and financial performance as an intervening variable.  concepts (Marsh, 2006). The research of Sabri et al. (2008) state that financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial behavior. Hung et al. (2009), states that someone with low financial knowledge tends not to understand financial problems, lacks good financial behavior, and is less skilled in dealing with economic shocks. Financial knowledge is not only able to make someone use money wisely, but can also benefit the economy. Someone with higher financial knowledge will be able to make good decisions for their family and thus be in a position to improve their economic security and well-being, besides someone who has good financial knowledge will be able to make very important information choices for an effective market and efficient (Hilgert and Hogarth, 2003). Someone with good financial knowledge will better understand financial problems and have better financial behavior, so that, the better the knowledge of finance, the better someone is in managing their finances. Thus, the hypothesis proposed in this study is: H1: Financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior

Financial Attitude on Financial Management Behavior
Financial knowledge is one's mastery of various things about the world of finance (Kholilah and Iramani, 2013). Meanwhile, financial management behavior refers to how a person behaves in personal financial matters, as measured by individual actions. Marsh (2006) states that a person's financial behavior arises from his financial attitude, individuals who are not wise in responding to personal financial problems tend to have bad financial behavior.
Financial attitudes shape the way people spend, save, hoard, and spend money.
Financial attitudes affect financial problems such as arrears in arrears and lack of income to meet needs. Short-term thinking and lack of willingness to save are H2: Financial attitude has a significant effect on financial management behavior

Self-Control on Financial Management Behavior
According to Chaplin (2011), the definition of self-control is the ability to guide one's behavior in terms of one's ability to suppress or impulse behavior.
Self-control is related to how strong a person holds values and beliefs to be used as a reference when acting or making a decision. Self-control must be owned by every individual when they want to decide to owe. Chaplin (2011) states that a person can control spending by resisting the desire to spend excessive money or in other words a person spends money based on their wants and not their needs.
Based on these explanations, the following hypothesis is proposed: H3: Self-control has a significant effect on financial management behavior

Financial Knowledge on Self Control
Chaplin (2011) states that self-control is the ability to guide one's behavior, the ability to suppress or impede impulsive behavior. In some financial cases many people cannot set aside money for the future, thus forgetting the long-term goal is only for temporary satisfaction because of the lack of individual selfdiscipline in controlling himself (Pompian, 2006). Self-control is influenced by several factors including cognitive factors, while knowledge, is a stage of cognitive. In this case, financial knowledge can affect self-control in financial management. Based on these explanations, the following hypothesis is proposed: H4: Financial knowledge has a significant effect on self-control concepts and so on. Next explained that attitude has a relationship with aspects of motivation and feelings or emotions. Whereas the self-control process explains how the self regulates and controls behavior in running life according to the ability of individuals to control behavior, especially in financial management (Gerungan, 2000). Based on these explanations, the following hypothesis is proposed.
H5: Financial attitude has a significant effect on self-control

Management Behavior
Individuals with high financial knowledge can implement their knowledge in daily life in their financial management so that the behavior of debt management individuals is also good. Besides being able to direct effect on financial management behavior, financial knowledge can also indirectly affect financial management behavior mediated by several factors. One of them is the self-control variable. Kholilah and Iramani (2013) state that self-control is can mediate the effect of financial knowledge on financial behavior. Based on these explanations, the following hypothesis is proposed H6: Self-control mediated effect of financial knowledge on Financial management behavior The data analyzed using Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) software. The measurement model is used to test the validity and reliability, while the structural

Test Validity and Reliability
Validity and reliability tests for all variables in this research can be seen from the results of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability, as shown in Table 2 below.

The Goodness of Fit Test
The results of data analysis with smart PLS 3.0, obtained R-Square values as follows:

Path Coefficient Test
Hypothesis testing is done by testing the path coefficient by the structural equation model. the results of the study can be seen in Table 4 as follows  The direct effect of financial attitudes (FA) on self-control (SC) can be proven at the correlation coefficient of 0.336 and t-statistic value > of t-table (4,225> 1,960) with p-value <0.05 (0,000 < 0.05), thus it can be said that financial attitude (FA) has a significant effect on self-control (SC).

Indirect Effect Test
Test results for indirect effects in this study can be seen in Table 5 below.

Effect of Financial Knowledge on Financial Management Behavior
The results of the study stated that financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior. Thus it can be said that individuals who have high financial knowledge, will be able to allocate their finances and will form a strong control in themselves to resist the desire for consumptive purchases and be able to convince themselves in solving their financial problems so that these individuals try to carry out financial management either by setting aside some funds to pay bills on time.
This research is supported by research Purwidianti and Mudjiyanti (2016) state that individuals with higher financial knowledge tend to be wiser in their financial behavior. Likewise, research by Ida and Dwinta (2010) also states that financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior.
Thus the hypothesis proposed stating that financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior is proven.

Effect of Financial Attitude on Financial Management Behavior
This study states that financial attitude has a significant effect on financial management behavior. Thus it can be said that the better the financial attitude of a person, the better financial management. A good financial attitude can lead someone to manage various financial behaviors. Individuals who have financial attitudes will be better at managing their family finances.
This research is supported research by Pradiningtyas and Lukiastuti (2019) which states that financial attitudes have a significant effect on financial management behavior, Herdjiono and Damanik (2016) state that financial attitude

Effect of Self-Control on Financial Management Behavior
This study states that self-control has a significant influence on financial management behavior. Self-control is related to how individuals control emotions and impulses from within themselves so that they can make decisions and take effective action according to ideal standards, moral values, and social expectations. The effect of self-control in financial management behavior is very important because, by the nature of self-control that exists in individuals, it will be a strategy used in preventing excessive waste and spending in financial allocations. The better a person is in controlling his finances, the better his financial management behavior.
This research is supported by Ida and Dwinta (2010) state that self-control has a significant effect on financial management behavior. Thus the hypothesis which states that self-control has a significant effect on financial management behavior is proven.

Effect of Financial Knowledge on Self-Control
This study states that financial knowledge has a significant effect on selfcontrol. The better the financial knowledge of individuals, the better they will manage their family finances. Individuals who have good financial knowledge will be able to make financial decisions in their families and be able to control their family's financial expenses and can set aside a portion of their funds to plan their family's future such as saving, insurance, and investing. That is because the individual has good financial knowledge and can manage their family finances wisely.

Vol. 28, No. 01 April 2020 © Centre for Indonesian Accounting and Management Research Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University
This research is supported by Pradiningtyas and Lukiastuti (2019) state that financial knowledge has a significant effect on self-control. Thus the hypothesis which states that financial knowledge has a significant effect on self-control is proven

Effect of Financial Attitude on Self-Control
This study states that financial attitude has a significant effect on self-control.
Financial attitude is more directed at individual thinking, income, and individual valuations about financial practices. Individuals who are rational and confident in financial matters will affect their self-control. Thus, it can be said that a person's financial attitude is also a factor influencing the way a person controls himself.
This research is supported by Pradiningtyas and Lukiastuti (2019) state that financial attitude has a significant effect on self-control. Thus the hypothesis which states that financial attitude has a significant effect on self-control is proven.

Mediated Self-Control
This study states that self-control partially mediated the effect of financial knowledge on financial management behavior. Thus it can be said that individuals who have good financial knowledge, will manage their finances, and can control themselves.
This research is supported by Perry and Morris (2005) state that the locus of control mediated the effect of financial knowledge on financial management behavior. Thus the hypothesis that states that self-control mediated effect of financial knowledge on financial management behavior is proven.

Mediated Self-Control
This study states that self-control partially mediated the effect of financial attitudes on financial management behavior. Thus it can be said the better of attitude individuals in finance will provide support to self-control in taking actions or decisions.
This research is supported by Pradiningtyas and Lukiastuti (2019) state that locus of control is mediated by the effect of financial attitude on financial management. Thus the hypothesis that states that self-control is a mediated effect of financial attitudes on financial management behavior is proven.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing financial management behavior in employees of Islamic University "45" Bekasi. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a population of 305 employees and a sample taken 81 employees. The results of the study stated that financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior, the financial attitude has a significant effect on financial management behavior, selfcontrol has a significant effect on financial management behavior, financial knowledge has a significant effect on self-control, the financial attitude has a significant effect on self-control, self-control can be the partial mediating effect of financial knowledge on financial management behavior, and self-control can be the partial mediating effect of financial attitudes on financial management behavior.